Atmosphere and Fossil Fuel Inputs Essay Example for Free

Atmosphere and Fossil Fuel Inputs Essay 1. Weather and Climate. Discuss the concept of energy/mass conservation as it pertains to the climate system. Be sure to address each component of the climate system in your example and feel free to use multiple examples if necessary to address each component. 2. Facts and Fiction. Explain the figure below. Be sure to address the three key components discussed in class as well as the overall (net) anthropogenic impacts on global warming. 3. Atmospheric Composition Structure. Draw a diagram labeling the five atmospheric layers discussed in class as well as the ozone layer. On your diagram, list the significance of each layer. 4. Atmospheric Circulation. Calculate the residence time of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere given the figure of the carbon cycle below. You can assume that the ocean, soil, vegetation and fossil fuel inputs together make the rate. 5. Ozone. Compare and contrast the two types of ozone depletion. Be sure to discuss the cause(s) of each, the impacts of each and the location of each at a minimum.

Development, Features and Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Development, Features and Treatment of Acne Vulgaris Millions of people worldwide suffer from acne vulgaris. Acne vulgaris is classified as inflammation of the skin and the appearance of blemishes. With a large variety of acne treatments, it can be hard to know where to start. From home remedies to prescribed medications, it is common for individuals to have trouble with finding the right treatment. Acne vulgaris is treatable with a number of methods, but it is important to understand that the successful eradication of acne vulgaris is specific to the individuals skin. The development of acne is a disorder of the sebaceous glands. The development of acne begins at the cellar level where the hair follicle is blocked. The hair follicle is an opening in the skin which hair and sebum reach the skins surface. The hair follicle and the sebaceous gland is where acne begins to form. This process may go wrong for those who have acne and the dead skin cells and oil are not cleared out of the pore properly. (Mayo Clinic, 2015) The sebum and dead skin cells become trapped in the follicle. This debris that is trapped in the follicle blocks the pore opening. The blockage is a called a comedo, a clogged hair follicle in the skin. The blockage invites Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a bacterium that causes the inflammation of acne breakouts. The comedo creates an environment that lacks oxygen in the follicle. This environment is favored by P. acnes that will thrive and grow out of control in the follicle. The follicle will continue to fill up with sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria and it will start to swell up. White blood cells go to fight the bacteria in your pores. Redness, swelling, and pus is created forming a pimple. There are multiple things that cause acne. First, there are overactive sebaceous glands. The sebaceous glands are responsible for creating sebum and oil that are needed for the skins surface. People who are prone to acne have sebaceous glands that create more sebum than what is needed. The excess oil in the hair follicle will create a blockage in the pore and becomes a comedo. (Web MD, 2015) This is what creates the environment that invites Propionibacterium acnes to grow. Second cause of acne is the abnormal shedding of the skin cells. The epidermis, the top layer of your skin, is always shedding dead skin cells. This natural process of exfoliation is called desquamation. Skin cells travel through the epidermis until they reach the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, where they will fall out and become replaced by newer skin cells below. Desquamation goes wrong with those who have acne and cells are produced faster than normal and the skin cells wont shed and will get trapped in the follicle. The third cause is the proliferation of bacteria in your skin. The most common bacterium that is found in your skin is Propionibacterium. This bacterium grows out of control in those with acne. P. acnes thrives in your pores that are blocked because of the lack of oxygen. P. acnes digest the oil that is trapped in the pores of your skin and produces a fatty acid waste. The waste will irritate your skin that causes the redness and inflammation. P. acnes is antibiotic resistant and cannot be washed away. However, there are treatments available that can help you treat and get rid of the bacteria in your skin. There are other factors that cause acne outside of your body. For example, hormones enlarge the pores and increase the rate of sebum production that can cause clogging. There are many different kinds of acne that you can get. These include: whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Whiteheads, in appearance, are exactly how they are sound. This type of acne has a white head on the surface of your skin. This is caused by sebum and dead skin cells that are blocking your hair follicles. Sebum production and dead skin cell exfoliation is natural for your skin and is needed to keep your skin healthy. However, if this process goes wrong, then that is when you risk getting clogged pores because excess oil and dead skin cells will get trapped and accumulate. Blackheads are relatively similar to whiteheads and also look exactly how they sound. Blackheads are also classified as comedones and look like black dots on the surface of your skin. (Acne, 2015) However, whiteheads are closed in the pores of your skin and blackheads are open. This gives the blackheads appearance. Blackheads are formed when the blockage that is trapped inside the p ore becomes oxidized. Papules are essentially a level higher than a whitehead that has been inflamed. A papule contains bacteria, sebum, and dead skin cells similar to the whitehead, but it does not contain pus. It is set apart from whiteheads by inflammation and redness. Pustules are similar to papules, but contain pus. Pustules are small round lesions appearing whitish on the center because of the pus. Nodes and cysts are similar to each other in terms of acne types. Nodules are severely inflamed and large lesions on the deep layers of the skin. Cysts are smaller and softer pus-filled lesions. These two types of acne can occur together, creating nodular cystic acne, or independently. These types of acne begin as papules and pustules and become nodes/cysts when they become irritated. This causes them to go deeper into the skin and produce pus. Many treatments and medications to treat acne vulgaris can be bought over the counter. Over-the-counter medications and treatments are also known as OTCs. These medications and treatments do not require a prescription issued by a doctor. Treatments that can be readily obtained are known to treat mild to moderate acne. Common over the counter treatments can take the form of lotions, gels, and washes.ÂÂ   Common bases of over the counter acne vulgaris treatments include benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and alpha hydroxy acids. Alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid and lactic acid. Benzoyl peroxide is the most common over the counter acne medication. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015)ÂÂ   Benzoyl peroxide is found in a variety of gels, lotions, and soaps. Benzoyl peroxide has drying qualities, which removes excess oil and dirt. Benzoyl peroxide also is effective at eradicating bacteria, which often lead to the formation of acne vulgaris. Due to its drying and cleansing properties, benzoyl peroxide also unclogs pores. Side effects of benzoyl peroxide may include rare allergic reactions, redness, dryness, and scaling of the skin. Salicylic acid is another over the counter acne medication that is used often. Salicylic acid is only available in concentrations of 0.5 to 5 percent. Salicylic acid is used primarily as a topical gel or cream that is applied to effected areas several times a day. Salicylic acid works by preventing the clogging of pores. Side effects that may occur with the use of salicylic acid include redness, dryness, and irritation. The most popular alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid and lactic acid. Although there are other hydroxyl acids, those acids havent proven to be as effective. Alpha hydroxy acids are synthetic acids that would normally be derived from milk and fruit sugars. Hydroxy acids work by removing the dead layer of skin cells on the top of the epidermis. Hydroxy acids do not remove the epidermis, but they do remove the first layer. Hydroxy acids also stimulate the production of new skin, which then leads to smoother, calmer acne. The two side effects of hydroxyl acids are s un sensitivity and irritation. Sulfur, another base of over the counter treatments, is especially effective at eradicating P. acnes bacterium. The P. acnes bacterium is known to have started developing antibacterial resistance. Sulfur is often combined with other acne-eradicating ingredients. Sulfur is known to dry the skin and cause it to peel off; this is helpful in terms of removing excess odor and preventing the clogging of pores. When over the counter methods of treatment do not work well, it is recommended to then visit a dermatologist. Dermatologists will properly access acne and prescribe a treatment. The three main fields of prescription treatments include topical methods, oral methods, and treatment-based methods. There is a very large variety of prescription treatments available. Although these treatments cannot be readily obtained, they are proven to be more potent and concentrated than over the counter methods. The most common topical treatments for prescription medications are retinoids, antibiotics, and dapzone. Retinoids come in the form of creams and gels. Retinoids work by preventing the plugging of hair follicles. Retinoids are derived from vitamin A and they come in many different types. Although they all serve the same purpose, retinoids include tazarotene, adapalene, and tretinoin. Antibiotics are used as topical ointments and creams to kill the bacteria inside of acne. Dapsone is also an effective topical treatment because in addition to an antibiotic, dapsone effectively works to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation. Other prescribed treatment methods are oral drugs. Oral drugs include oral antibiotics, oral contraceptives, anti-androgen agents, and isotretinoin. Oral antibiotics have a direct effect on acne by reducing inflammation and killing bacteria on the skins surface. (Mayo Clinic, 2015) Some individuals cannot be treated with antibiotics because they may have built up a tolerance to antibiotics. Doctors may also be concerned with prescribing antibiotics to treat acne because the antibiotics may be used for months, or even years. The usage of antibiotics for a prolonged period of time is likely to develop antibiotic resistance in that individual. Common antibiotics prescribed for acne include doxycycline, limecycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethroprim, and cortimoxazalone. Oral contraceptives are also used in women to help reduce acne. Oral contraceptives include hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, which balances out the amount of androgen produced in the body. Anti-androge n oral pills may also be prescribed to limit the amount of androgen produced in the body. Isotretinoin is often the last resort for acne treatments because it is a pill that may cause major side effects. Although isotretinoin is very effective, it does require close monitoring by the doctor. Isotretinoin is only prescribed when all other treatment methods have failed. Women that are prescribed this treatment are required to first take part in a Food and Drug Administration monitoring program. Many other treatments prescribed by the doctor are therapies. Therapies include light therapy, which targets bacteria in the skin that cause inflammation. Chemical peels may also be conducted in a doctors office. Chemical peels are acids applied to the skin that help with the eradication of bacteria on skin.ÂÂ   Steroids can also be injected in to nodular and cystic acne to improve appearance. With the injection of steroids, extraction of the cysts and nodules is not necessary. While treating acne, an emerging problem is antibiotic resistance in acnes. The Propoinibacterium found in P. acnes, is a slow growing, thick-walled bacteria that exhibits antibiotic resistance. To treat these types of acnes, doctors must turn to other methods of treatment besides antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance in P. acnes raises concern because it is quite possible that other bacterium may begin to show similar properties. P. Acnes bacterial resistance is common in people treated with antibiotics for acne, and the resistance can spread to their family members and neighbors. (Ngan, 2014) As described above, many methods for acne suppression are available. Although many methods are available, it is important to note that not all treatments are equal in terms of effectiveness and that treatment is individualistic. When choosing an acne treatment method, it is important to know which kind of acne needs to be treated, and how severe it is. Mild to moderate cases of acne vulgaris are commonly successfully treated with over the counter treatments, and severe acne vulgaris is often treated with the help of a medical professional. According to dermatologists, all acne vulgaris is believed to be treatable after proper assessment and examination of the affected individual. Bibliography M. (2015, January 20). Acne Causes. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/basics/causes/con-20020580 M. (2015, January 20). Acne Treatments and drugs. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/basics/treatment/con-20020580 M. (2015, July 09). Over-the-counter acne products: What works and why. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/in-depth/acne-products/art-20045814 Which birth control pills can help reduce acne? (2013, January 30). Retrieved January 19, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072393/ Writer, S. (2017, January 11). Different Types of Acne | Learn What Acne Type you Have. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://www.acne.com/types-of-acne/acne-signs/

The Strategy Used By Munchys Make The Company Marketing Essay

The Strategy Used By Munchys Make The Company Marketing Essay Strategic management is the process which refers to strategy formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross functional decisions to enable an organization to achieve its objectives. A strategy is about long-term planning and it must be implemented and the organization resources as well as its capabilities properly harnessed so as to achieve the planned outcome. Strategic management focuses on integrating management, marketing, finance or accounting, production or operation, research and development, and computer information system to achieve organization success. 2.0 Munchys Background Munchys is known as Malaysias No.1 homegrown biscuit brand which is a remarkable Malaysian success story of five brothers from Muar, Johor. Besides that, Munchy was a company which gains Super brands Status of year 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009. Actually the name Munchys was derived from the Mandarin term Mai Qi which Mai is the meaning of flour or wheat and Qi is refers to the magical quality found in the delicious wafers that are made from only the finest ingredients. In the beginning, this business is started by two elder brothers from Tan family who asked their father to allow them to start their own company. With his agreement, their business started out as a cottage operation in Johor back in 1991 with producing wafers, wafer sticks and biscuits with an Austrian-made second-hand wafer stick machine costing RM80, 000. With their high spirits they try their best to produce the highest quality wafer sticks around and they make it as Malaysias No.1 homegrown biscuit brand. From an Original Equipment Manufacturer to a household name, the Munchys brand was born in 1993. In year 2006, Munchy was recorded in Malaysia Book of Records as Largest Wafer Manufacturer in 2005. During 1997 till 1998, Munchy almost went bankrupt during the Asian financial crisis but luckily the company was survived from the Asian financial crisis and its revenue jumped from RM20mil in 1998 to RM50mil in 1999. According to a Nielsen Retail Index Corporate Value Share report in 2008, Munchys was ranked Malaysias No.1 homegrown biscuit brand excluding Sabah and Sarawak from June 2006 to 2008. Besides that, Munchys is keep looking forward at new potential products and innovations as it works towards keeping up its standing in Malaysia as the countrys most innovative and success biscuit brand. They have an entire RD department that specifically focuses on this aspect, so as to always stay at the forefront of innovation. Munchys major markets are in Asia, such as Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan and Japan being its key markets, their vision is to be significant in 100 countries by 2020. On the other hand, Munchys mission is to bring joy and add flavor to every occasion with their high quality, affordable and fun-eating snacks. The companys CEO, C.K Tan always believed in the power of branding and automation and technology will gain benefits in a business. He spent RM500, 000 on IT systems for Munchys in 1997 and now a day he still investing on it because he believe that computerization will makes the productivity of company more efficient. 3.0 PEST in Strategic Analysis The PEST analysis is an analysis which concerned with the environmental influences on a business. It is a business measurement tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business. PEST analysis is also an acronym stand for Political, Economic, Social and Technological issues that could affect the strategic development of a business to assess the market. 3.0.1 Political Munchys have always recognized the important of manufacturing only Halal product since the government of Malaysia focusing on turning the nation into an international Halal Hub. That is a reason why Munchys have a dedicated committee that deals with all things Halal. The Committee is made up of representatives from each key section that contributes to the making of the products. Munchys is setting its sights on a greater share of the regional pie while the tariff and trade barriers are trimmed with the formation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). In fact of this, Munchy have been opened a new branch offices in ASEAN neighbors. 3.0.2 Economic Nowadays, Munchys sales in ASEAN have seen a clear uptrend because of the proactive approach of Munchys done in sales and distribution, For instance, Mr. Tan reveals that sales in Singapore have grown by more than 50% since 2003, making the island Munchys third largest export market. Besides that, The Company has experienced double-digit growth not only within Malaysia but also in Japan, Singapore and other Asian countries. Still, Munchys export growth has been broad-based and their exports have been grown by close to 60% within this year. The local market is also growing, as Malaysias population expands. 3.0.3 Social Nowadays, health as a prime concern is now increasingly by many consumers, accordingly, Munchys have been reformulating their range to feature less sugar, less salt, lower fat and high nutrient content. Munchys believes that it must be a balance achieved between good taste and health. The CEO of the company Mr. Tan frequently used Teamwork as the key word to describe how the company has evolved and transformed. In order to work for teamwork, the staff from all levels must believe and have confidence with the brand of the company and be able to deliver the brand promise effectively to consumers. Munchys has various CSR (corporate social responsibility) programmes in place which mainly aid to orphanages and hospices for children. Munchy Food also aims to produce more quality products on par with international brands but reflecting a typical Malaysian identity by carrying the spirit of Malaysia Boleh. 3.0.4 Technology Munchys tried to keeping up its standing in Malaysia as the countrys most innovative and success biscuit brand, in fact Munchys keep looking forward at new potential products and innovations as it works towards. They have an entire RD department that specifically focuses on new potential products and innovations to ensure the company always stay at the forefront of innovation. They believes that with the technologies and know-how todays, they could probably walk three steps ahead compared to the old days when they could only do things step by step. Actually, Mr. Tan has been started its regional expansion plans where Munchys has sales and marketing teams in Singapore and Indonesia, while establishing teams in a number of other Asian countries. Munchys always believed in the power of branding and automation and technology will gain benefits in a business. He spent RM500, 000 on IT systems for Munchys in 1997 and now a day he still investing on it because he believe that computerizatio n will makes the productivity of company more efficient. 3.1 SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a basic, straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. It is an acronym used to describe the particular Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that are strategic factors for a specific company. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. 3.1.1 Strength Munchys always emphasizes the delicious wafers that are made from only the finest ingredients. They believe that the only way to produce the highest quality wafer sticks is using the finest ingredients. Besides owning state-of-the-art machines, have a good and committed management team with a strong multinational background assist Munchys investment in talent and that is a factor that sets Munchys apart from the rest of the competition. Another area of strength is their focus on brand-building, Mr. Tan engaged an international branding consultant to establish Munchys as a distinct brand in 2004. Although Mr. Tan believes in continuous product development and he knows that everything starts from the product so he put a lot of innovative ideas into designing the products from the packaging to brand image, the sharp and weight of the products, basically from all aspects. Until now, Munchys company still keeps thinking on how to make the existing products better in innovative. 3.1.2 Weaknesses Although Munchys company always thinking about how to make their product become more innovative, but what they done is just put effort on the wrapping of their product but not in the flavor and the varieties of the product. Munchys should put effort on the variety of their product. For example like Nestle Company, their production such as Milo drinks, ice cream, Chocolate and so on. The varieties of their products on the market strengthen the value of their product in the market. 3.1.3 Opportunities In laying the groundwork for their Asian expansion, Tan started to transform the company three years ago. This included bringing in an impressive senior management team with a strong MNC (Multinational Corporation) background. The idea is to eventually allow Malaysia to run without him as CEO so that he can focus on its regional plans. With the need to bring in new skill sets, Munchys structured a supervising board which is filled by some of the brothers and also some very experienced former chief executives to help guide the company forward. To produce better products, Munchys claims that it is the market leader in the wafer category and the top three in the biscuits market share ranking. Invests substantially in RD, adding that research is an important aspect of branding and it is imperative to work closely with consumers to understand their wants and needs. 3.1.4 Threats Munchys intention to re-brand or remodel Munchys into an international brand which aimed at establishing home-grown Munchys as a global brand in line with its new business directives of aggressively expanding into foreign markets. Besides that they also plan to increase their export sales by 25% to RM50mil in year 2010 and the company is heading towards a new business direction for further market expansion. Munchy Food maintains its competitiveness through endless upgrading of its operations, marketing, sales and distribution, research and development, and most importantly, capital-intensive investments. Most of these heavy investments derive from world-class machinery and automation, computerization, and ERP engagement for its management. 3.2 Benchmarking analysis Benchmarking analysis is an analysis contributes lessons are learned. This analysis is a process of continual improvement which helps a company who is still growing to identify their trouble spots and provides a systematic approach to improving production efficiency and profitability. Nestle is the worlds largest food and beverage company which leading in Nutrition, Health and Wellness and they employs over a quarter of a million workers. Compare with Munchys, Nestle strategy is based on a broad range which the company overcome cultural barriers and customer resentments to foreign brands by purchases local brand names which the consumer is accustomed to. After these niches of basic food supply are filled Nestle moves on into the more upscale segments such as chocolate, soft drinks and the like. Their strategy is to establish a basis and then expand into more niches as demand rises. Connected to the rising demand is the rising income level as the population can afford to spend more money on food products. As mentioned in the book, Nestle provides about 8500 brand names, but only 750 of them are registered in more than one country and only 80 are registered in more than ten countries. Many household names such as Nescafe, KitKat and Nesquik were Nestle produces and some other brands are also well known by consumers just they might not have realized that they were Nestle products. In 2002 Nestle had a sales turnover of over  £38.3 billion on which it made a net profit of over  £3.2 billion. The majority of this profit was re-invested in the business whilst the remainder was paid out to shareholders in dividends. Munchys put more effort in RD on their wrapping and brand-building. They have spending close to RM4 million on branding and ads every year and this budget is increasing. Besides that, the company also invested RM10 million to buy packaging machines from Japan. Munchys always thinking about how to make their product become more innovative, but what they done is just put effort on the wrapping of their product but not in the flavor and the varieties of the product. Munchys should have a broad range to improve their performance in production efficiency and profitability. 4.0 Strategy Formulation Strategy formulation is the second phase in the strategic management process which produces a clear set of recommendations and supporting justification that revises as necessary the mission and objectives of the organization, and supplies the strategies for accomplishing them. Strategy formulation is the process of planning strategies such as corporate strategies and business strategies. Sometimes it is useful to think of corporate-level strategies as where to compete and the business-level strategies as how to compete in those areas.Strategy formulation includes the planning and decision making that lead to the establishment of the firms goal and the development of a specific strategic plan by assessing the external environment and internal problem and integrate the result into goals and strategy. 4.1 Corporate Strategic A corporate strategy depicts the corporate cultures perception of progress and growth. Besides that, this strategy is comprises a directional strategy through a corporate vision and a mission statement. One of the most important roles of this strategy is to define a companys domain of activity through selection of business areas in which the companys domain of activity through selection of business areas in which the company will compete. Portfolio analysis is an analysis which combines internal and external factors and could be dealt with in the discussion of strategy in a company. Besides that, portfolio analysis is an enterprise strategy development tool based primarily on the market share of business and the growth of market in which company business exists. Munchys boasts a great range of portfolio that includes biscuits, wafers and wafer sticks. In order to achieve the best product quality, Munchys has invested in fully-integrated conveyer system to state-of-the-art warehouses for its commitment to have facilities of the highest quality. This includes two wafer plants with the capacity to manufacture up to 740 tonnes per month, four biscuit plants which can produce up to 3,400 tonnes per month, and four wafer-stick machines with 16 production lines that have the capacity to produce up to 250 tonnes per month. These manufacture enable Munchys maximize their production and now reach the capacity of 5,000 tonnes up wards per month. Few years ago, Munchys have the launch their new product, new Munchys Mini crackers and it affect the company in expecting export sales from RM90mil to RM100mil and a total revenue of over RM300mil, against RM250mil. In fact of this, Munchys had invested about RM75mil in new equipment in two years before launching this product and it resulted in the production of the new Munchys Mini crackers. 4.2 Business Strategic Business-level strategy formulation pertains to domain direction and navigation, or how business should compete in the areas they have selected. Low-cost provider strategy is using by a company which securing a competitive advantage by serving a lower price than rival competitors. This is a strategy is an integrated of actions taken to produce goods or services with features that are acceptable by customers at the lowest cost compare to the competitors which just with features that are acceptable to customers. This strategy maintain present price, be content with present market share, and use lower-cost edge to earn a higher profit margin on each unit sold, thereby increasing total profits. Munchys mission is to bring joy and add flavor to every occasion with their high quality, affordable fun-eating snacks. Munchys make an achievement in low overall cost which by manufacturing nutritional biscuits in convenient packets as well as coated and cube wafers at lower prices than rivals. The products that Munchys produce are currently include approximately of the consumers across all segments like kids, teenagers, and adults. So t hat Munchys product is offering the buyers consider essential with their various types of product. Differentiation Strategy is an Action which set an acceptable cost that let customers perceives the different on the produce goods or services. The objective of this strategy is to affect buyers to prefer Munchys product or service over brand of rivals. On the other way, it means that a company has to take an initiative action such as creative idea on what is important to customer. With the constant line-up of new products and product innovation constantly introduced to the market, Munchys has become synonymous with innovation. Most recently Munchys was launched in response to the current trend and desire for healthy snacks. This kind of healthy snack filled with healthy and scrumptious fruit, oats, and more, the Oat Krunch makes a delectable, healthy biscuit that one will reach out for anytime of the day. In the second quarter of 2009, Munchys launched the irresistible Captain Munch which aimed their targeted at teenagers and kids. This product is enriched with Energy Plus that cont ains Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12. This makes Captain Munch a source of vitamin and nutrition, as well as the perfect nutritious health snack solution for smart and active kids and teens. These recent additions products, Oat Krunch and Captain Munch have been reinforce Munchys commitment to providing more great-tasting snacks that help consumers strike a healthy balance in their daily lives. With their product which differentiating in features cause their rivals not easily to copy or matched. So, it may cause the buyers to prefer Munchys product or service over brand than rivals. Best-cost provider strategy is a combination of a strategic which emphasis on low-cost strategy and differentiation strategy. In this strategy, company must make an upscale product at a lower cost to prove the customer that its benefit for the value. It works on deliver comparable features at a lower price than rivals or matches rivals on prices and provides better features. Munchys brand mission is to produce all kinds of fun-eating snacks for every home all over the world. Presently, its strength lies in its high quality and diverse product range which Coupled with marketing strategies like manufacturing nutritional biscuits in convenient packets as well as coated and cube wafers at lower prices than competitors. Munchys Food also aims to produce more quality products on par with international brands but reflecting a typical Malaysian identity. Besides selling products at lower prices, Munchys always ensure that its products always in good quality, Munchys Quality Assurance and Qua lity Control Department ensures that all production procedures that are in place are constantly adhered to. According to the international standards set by the many regulatory boards from which Munchys has received official certification. With their good-to-excellent performance at a lower cost than rivals, they may affect consumers who are sensitive to price and value. 5.0 Strategy implementation Strategy implementation is the most important and most difficult part of the strategic management process which requires the organizations employees and managers at all levels to turn strategies into action. Actually, strategy formulation is described what a company going to do but strategy implementation is doing it. A successful strategy implementation requires support, discipline, motivation, and hard work from all managers and employees. In the aspect of management issues, Munchys has its own policies to operate on Munchys daily operation. Munchys prefer to focus on company and product development which boast a great range on produce its products with world class quality and build a long term brand. To produce the high quality product, Munchys has invested in full-integrated conveyer system to state-of-the-art warehouse which have two wafer plants, four biscuit plants and four wafer-stick machines with 16 production lines. With these systems, Munchys can have maximum production c apacity of 5000 tonnes upwards per month. To keeping up its standing in Malaysia most innovative biscuit brand, Munchys always looking at potential new products and innovations. Although Munchys has already a strong presence in Malaysia, it still continues to raise the bar by constantly strengthening their product appeal and market network in Asia and around the world. Besides that, Munchys believes in strong and effective in brand building, and achieves this through its strategic consumer-led promotions. To achieve this, Munchys is regularly brand-building through their numerous innovations and new products. One of the Munchys key on drivers in brand building is its active in sponsorship role. Munchys is a big player and firm believer in sponsorship and now being the proud sponsor of major concerts organized by top concert and event organizers, television and radio stations. Before this, Munchys has sponsored the Miss Chinese Cosmos Southeast Asia Pageant with created its very own title Miss Munchys Fun Fit. The title is in line with the launch of its new health range of product, Oat Krunch. Nowadays, sponsorships help Munchys increased in its mileage and the brand image is easily recognizable as one that offers high quality products. To ensure consumer can taste its keep supporting Munchys high quality products, Munchys Quality Assurance and Quality Control Department played an important role. This department ensures that all the production procedures that are in place are constantly adhered to the international standards set by the many regulatory boards from which Munchys has received official. The department is function in three categories which is in-process quality control, incoming control and laboratories. In-Process Quality Control is used on monitoring the product quality parameters at various processing stages from raw material until finished goods. Incoming Control is to monitoring of raw material and packaging at the entry level. The third category is the Laboratories and this category is divided to 2 part which is Microbiology Laboratory that responsibility on analyze and minimize microbiology contamination of products, processing lines, operators and general environment, thus ensuring the products a re free from harmful bacteria contamination. General Laboratory is responsibility to ensure that all the products meet legislative requirements, and are up to its consumers expectations. Munchys today boasts state-of-the-art manufacturing and warehousing facilities which cover more than 400,000 square feet in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Besides that, Munchys products can be found in approximately 60 countries around the world. In fact of this, MunchWorld Marketing Sdn Bhd which set up in 1996 was played an important role as the marketing arm of all Munchys products. Munchys vantage point was its in-depth know-how into the successful marketing of fast-moving consumer goods or FMCGs, both locally and internationally. Munchys marketing prowess was proven through its own well-known, established and popular products among consumers. Besides that, MunchWorld was able to impart invaluable insights into product development, having grown Munchys from scratch with our endless pool of resources and knowledge. This made us feel it was time to share our skills and expertise with other reputable brands that understood the potential and value of good marketeering. To strengthening their product appeal and market from rivals, Munchys products always attract consumers across all segments such as kids, teenagers, adults. For example, Munchys launched the irresistible Captain Munch which aimed their targeted at teenagers and kids. This product is enriched with source of vitamin and nutrition as well as the perfect nutritious health snack solution for smart and active kids and teens. These products have been reinforce Munchys commitment to providing more great-tasting snacks that help consumers strike a healthy balance in their daily lives. 6.0 Conclusion The strategy used by Munchys make the company become stronger and stronger. The product their product are aimed on the teenagers and kids which enrich with health sources, and halal which mean the products are available to Islamic. Their RD which specifically focuses on new potential products and innovations will ensure the company always stays at the forefront of innovation. Every new products come out from Munchys are always supported by their chocolate lover. The main reason why the customers always supporting their product is Munchys always emphasize on using the high quality ingredient to process the high quality product. The effort on using the high quality ingredient on process the high quality product ensures Munchys become successful. Referencing: http://www.munchys.com/MY/html/history.aspx http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/strategy_formulation.html http://www.munchys.com/MY/main.aspx http://www.batupahat.org/?p=942 http://www.nestle.com/AllAbout/AllAboutNestle.htm Author by CATHY A.ENZ, Hospitality Strategic Management (concept and cases), second edition, page 18. Author by Richard L. Daft, Patricia Lane, Management, page 191.

Process Essay - Preparing Dinner for the In-laws -- Expository Process

Preparing Dinner for the In-laws We have all had those dinners with our in-laws, or in-laws to be, that we detest. The following steps will ensure that the in-laws never accept another invitation to dinner at your house. Please understand, the invitation must still be extended, as that is a spouse's duty; however, they will not accept the invitation again. In preparation for the evening, there are several crucial steps. For the process to be effective, some research may be involved. Start by gathering as much information as you can about your in-laws likes and dislikes; focus on the dislikes is crucial, and be certain to exclude anything on the list of likes. Schedule the dinner on a day that will allow for several hours of preparation. First, It is a good idea...

Tylenol Essay -- Health, Pain

Acetaminophen is a popular and powerful analgesic that is available over the counter and use worldwide, but is not widely used everywhere in the world. (1) It has been shown to temporally relieve aches, pain associated with common issues such as headache, toothaches, cramps, etc. (1) Acetaminophen can also be used to reduce fever. It has analgesic and antipyretic effects that are very similar to that of aspirin but it lacks the anti-inflammatory effects. (1) The following will explain the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and molecular toxicity of acetaminophen. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how a drug is processed in the body by examining absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Pharmacodynamics is the mechanism of the drug at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels in the body. Molecular toxicology is the study of genetic molecules susceptible to external drugs, poisons, pollutants and their interaction with biological systems at a molecular level. For an adult (age 13 and older who are at least 110lbs) the recommended oral dose is 325-1000mg, for a rectal dose it is 650mg, and the total daily dose should not exceed 4000mg.(1) For children, depending on their age and weight, the recommended dose is 40-480mg with no more than 5 doses being administered in one day. (2) For intravenous dosing is very similar to oral dose. The standard recommended intravenous dose is either 1000 mg every six hours or 650 mg every four hours and again no more than 4000mg in 24 hours. (2) Acetaminophen can be administered orally, rectally, or intravenously. Orally acetaminophen is available in tablets/capsules (extended release and regular), chewable tablets, oral granules, and liquid suspensions. Rectally it is adm... ...sired result. This can be viewed by the dose response curve the any drug. Yet, currently there is no dose response curve for acetaminophen in existence for humans and because of this we have been unable to optimize patient therapy without the fear of overdose. (4) In recommended therapeutic doses the drug is tolerated well.(2) Single or repeated doses of acetaminophen do not have any effects on system like the cardiovascular or respiratory. It does not produce gastric irritation or bleeding which may be typical for this type of analgesic. (2) It also has no effect on platelets of uric acid excretion.(2) One may experience skin rashes or have an allergic reaction but that is rare.(2) By looking at the pharmacokinetics is it very easy to overdose or tox out from acetaminophen because the binding potential of the drug is so low and the range of distribution is high.

Education and Best Teacher

First out of town I was 7 years old when my family had a vacation in my mothers province, Zebu. It was in the middle of December when we go there. We celebrate Christmas together with my family and relatives. It was very fun, because it's my first time to meet my relatives there. Also there we celebrate my birthday at the same time New year. I experienced a lot in Zebu, I ride a horse, cow and other animals in my Loll's farm which is one of the memorable moments in my entire life. I describe Zebu as awesome, not Just the place but also the people out there. B. Stories that you can't forget (3) .The story of sleeping beauty. It's the story of a princess who was asleep and the thing that would makes the princess awake is a man who would kiss her. 2. The story of Juan Tama. It's the story of a man who was very lazy. Instead of picking a fruit he Just wait until it fall. 3. The story of turtle and rabbit. It's the story of a rabbit who was very confident that he was going to win in the r ace against the turtle and he Just sleep until he notice that the turtle is in the finish line and won. C. First teacher and first lesson My first teacher was my mother, she teach me different lessons when I was young.She taught me how to write, how to color, how to dance, how to sing, how to make a things with the use of clay and many more. But the important lesson that she taught to me is to how to deal well to others. She says that it is important that you have a respect to your fellow people so that they can respect you in return. D. First day of school Its been a 12 years when I started to go to school, that's why I don't even remember what happen to me that time. And I asked my mother who was there for me in my first day of school. I was studying in pre-school in Mahogany Day Care Center.My other says that I don't cry in my first day of school because of two reasons. First, my mother don't leave me until the class end and Second, my bestrides who named Karen is my classmates t hat's why she says that I was enjoying my days in schools. E. First Award Positive As far as I remember, I got my first award when I was studying in pre-school. There I got a honor which is top and the honor of best in Math. I'm so happy when I got that award that's why my mother prepared some foods to celebrate my award. Negative My first award that I can say that it's a negative is when I was in second year high school.Although I receive a top my friend who supposed to be my bestrides is going to transfer in other school. Ill. The most unforgettable events in your life A. Positive/Good 1. One of the unforgettable events in my life was when I was in elementary. I receive an honor when I was in grade one, I got a best in math. It was memorable because I was in front of my fellow students holding the medal and the ribbon. 2. One of the unforgettable events in my life was when we celebrate Christmas and New year in Cavity with my Toto and TIA. I was very happy because it was my first time to celebrate Christmas and New year in other place.It become memorable because we did a lot to had fun. 3. When I was in high school I receive a lot of awards like, best in math, best in chemistry, top, top and top. Im so happy because I did it with my own hardwood. It became memorable because I was in stage in front of all the students when I receive the awards. B. Negative/Bad 1. When I was in third year high school, I was a honor student I receive a top at the end of the year, that's why I went to top section when I was in 4th year. Although in the others it is a good for me it was bad because my classmates in 3rd year is not the name classmates I have in 4th year. . When I was in 1st year college. Our PEE is dancing, and dancing is not my passion, that's why in every time we dance IM so very frustrated and at the same time shy. 3. When I was in grade school, I walking in the middle of the hallway and suddenly I was fall. IV. Best Teacher for me Every person have their own d efinitions of a best teacher. For me, a best teacher can set high expectations for all students. Also a best teacher are well prepared and organized, they are in their respective classrooms early and ready to teach.But the cost important is they can form strong relationships with their students and show that they care about them as a person. 1. Mr.. Michael Tortes Bonito He was my most favorite teacher in my whole college life. Its because his characteristics as a professor suits to my own definitions of a best teacher. He was very open to all of his students, he is very approachable and also he is handsome 2. Mr.. Edward Albert Celeste One of the characteristic of him as a professor that I like was his intellectual ability. He is very familiar and ready overtime we have a discussion and at the same time e can explain it very ell. . Ms. Grace Jazzing She my teacher in speech and world literature this semester also in Modern communications back then when I was in 1st year. I like her as a professor because she's good not only in teaching but also I like it the way she taught us. 4. Ms. Et Rareness I include him to my best teacher because his way of teaching grab my attention. He is very strict and he wants us to learn until the class end. 5. Mrs.. Susann Gene This teacher is very good in teaching, overtime we have a class she always makes us laugh that's why our attention focus on her more. V.Worst/Unwanted Teacher For me, the qualities of a bad/worst teacher are he/she is lack of organizational skills. Every teacher has to keep up with so many things on a daily basis that they must be organized to do their Jobs effectively. A teacher can't be a best teacher if he/she is lack of classroom management. Lastly, he/she must act as a professional in a sense that he/she is not always absent nor late. 1. Mr.. Lovers Haploid To be honest, I don't like the way he manage the class, its because every time that one of my classmates makes mistake he is always implicating th e whole class. 2. Mr.. Ian VerbOne of his characteristic that I don't like is he is not approachable. 3. Mr.. Panic He is my NSP professor, I don't like him because he don't discuss any matter that covers the lesson. He is Just checking the the attendance and that's it. 4. Mr.. Ryan Macaulay He's approachable but, the way he deal with his class is very unprofessional. 5. Estella Merman She is definitely good at explaining the lesson. But I don't like the way she discuss, she is Just explaining and she don't make a recitation for us. VI. Places I have visited Last March 8, 2014, me and my classmates in first year went to Enchanted garden inAngst Vulcan for an educational tour. There's a lot of people who was saying that I was a beautiful places that's why IM so excited which makes me prepared my stuffs a night before the tour. We are so happy in the middle of our ride. And when we got to Enchanted Garden, I'm so amaze with the beautiful views of it. I describe it as awesome, not only the places but also the people out there. They are all hospitable to the visitors. The wind is very fresh looks like you are in the province. I promise that its not only the last time that I going to visit it.

Analysis of Badinerie by J. S. Bach Essay

The piece Badinerie is best known for its destinations as the final movement of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Orchestral Suit No.2 in B minor. Johann Sebastian Bach was born on the 21st March 1685 and died on the 31st of July 1750. He was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, and violinist. He wrote sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments. Bach drew together the strands of the Baroque period and brought it to its ultimate maturity. The piece Badinerie is in a light mood and structured in the Binary Form. It is cast in swift 2/4 metre beginning on the upbeat or anacrusis. This piece was originally written for a Chamber Orchestra and a solo flute. The piece starts in B minor and played in allegro tempo throughout. Badinerie start with a messo forte dynamic marking meaning moderately loud with motive A in the pickup bar at the beginning and motive B starts on the second beat in bar two to bar 3. The Antecedent ranges from the beginning of the music to the first beat of bar four, which ends on a Perfect Authentic Cadence. The Consequent started on the second beat of bar for four to the first beat of bar ten, which ended on an Imperfect Cadence a one to a five suspended two chord in second inversion. They are long phrases throughout the duration of the piece. In the first five bars the bass line plays a Bassa Continuo style in Baroque music, however in modern day it is called a Walking Bass style. In bars six to ten the melody line plays a similar rhythm that the bass was playing in the first five bars and the bass line plays a similar rhythm to what the melody line was playing. The second beat of bar 10 the dynamic marking changes to forte meaning loud which is the beginning of the phrase extension and sequential progression to bar 16. There is a great build up in this phrase with a messo forte crescendo leading up to forte and the use of sixteen notes in the bass notes the section intense and bright. Bar sixteen the end of the first section is repeated and ends on an Imperfect five of five going to five cadence called tonicization. The second section of the piece is a development of A, which is the same melody played a fifth up. The Antecedent started from the pickup beat to the first beat of bar twenty and the consequent picked up on the next beat and ended on bar twenty three on a five of three going to a three cadence. The piece then modulated to D major in the next bar then f# minor in bar 30 then back to b minor in bar thirty two. There is a phrase extension starting on the second beat of bar twenty to the first beat of bar twenty eight. The same idea comes back again of the melody line taking the rhythm of the bass line and the bass line taken the rhythm of the melody line in bars twenty eight to thirty two. There are pedal points in bars 33 to 35, interesting to note that there is use of octaves. In bars thirty six the first beat has a loud dynamic marking and the second beat has a soft dynamic marking which is quite interesting. There is a crescendo in the next bar leading up to forte towards the second to last bar. This section is then repeated and the section time around there is a rit. 2 Volta which means turn around then retard the second time. The piece ends on a Perfect Authentic Cadence.